AVILOO EV Battery Performance Report Spring 2024
Various quality features of the drive battery are crucial for the performance and longevity of an electric vehicle. The AVILOO EV Battery Performance Report summarizes the most important of these features. It is based on data collected up to 2024 for 15 of the vehicles most frequently tested by AVILOO. It thus helps promote market transparency for used electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, as well as supports a healthy business environment. The AVILOO EV Battery Performance Report also provides guidance on changes and trends in the development of drive batteries and serves as a basis for future tests. This should help improve security for customers purchasing and selling used EV vehicles.
Real Range vs. WLTP
The range of vehicles is often specified according to WLTP. This information is based on extremely economical driving, which is not realistic in everyday life. Consumers must therefore assume that the WLTP range is only a rough and rather optimistic estimate of the actual range. This category measured how much the actual range differs from the WLTP range.
The index (1-10) determined by AVILOO is made up of the following - vehicles that have the full WLTP range in real life receive a 1. A 10 means that only 40% of the stated WLTP range can be achieved when applying a realistic driving style.
Example:
WLTP range = 500km
Real range = 450km
=>450km/500km=90% => Index 2
Degradation (SoH drop per 100 charging cycles)
It is well known that the energy that can be generated decreases over the life of a battery. However, the extent of this decrease can vary greatly and depends on numerous factors, such as temperature, performance during charging and discharging, and the State of Charge when the vehicle is parked for a long time, to name just a few examples. The battery management system (BMS) of each battery has the task, among other things, of taking these factors into account. Naturally, there are great differences in the way these factors are taken into account in individual vehicles. To enable an objective comparison, this category measured the SoH drop per 100 full cycles of a battery. Full cycles are a measure of how many times the battery has been fully charged and discharged.
Degradation (SoH) Scattering
A certain amount of degradation (reduction in battery capacity) over the life of a battery is unavoidable. But how reliably can this degradation be predicted? For some vehicles, it is very easy, and for others - not so much, as influencing factors such as driving style or series variation tend to play a major role. For example, there are car models that have a range of around 85% of the new condition after a mileage of 100,000 km with a high degree of certainty, while for other car models with the same mileage, this value can be anywhere between 70% and 95%. In this category, a comparison is made of how great the variation in degradation is, i.e. how reliably the degradation can be predicted.
Defect Frequency
A drive battery consists of many individual battery cells, which in turn are combined to form battery modules. There are different types of interconnection at both levels. It is crucial that the individual components are well coordinated with one another and that they must be regularly brought up to the same level - this is also a task of the BMS. In this category, we evaluated how often abnormalities and irregularities occur in this context. (In this category, we evaluated how resistant the batteries are to abnormalities and irregularities in this context.)
Emergency Reserve
Emergency reserve is the energy or range that remains when the display shows 0% charge level. Here, remaining ranges between 0 and about 35 km were calculated. In this category, values are not indexed, but expressed in nominal values and divided into numerical groups. A larger or smaller reserve says nothing about the quality of the battery. It is up to the driver to decide whether they want a vehicle with a greater or smaller reserve, depending on their needs.
Example:
Remaining energy at SoC 0%/WLTP consumption = range of the emergency reserve
Indexing
The values in the table are shown on an index scale from 1 (max, highest value) to 10 (min, lowest value). To ensure a realistic representation, unrealistic extreme values have been removed from the index range.
Disclaimer
The AVILOO EV Battery Performance Report is not intended to classify vehicle brands and models according to battery quality and should therefore not be interpreted as such. This is because various factors influence battery quality, including driver usage behavior and the general development of electromobility. In addition, the battery is only one of several components that affect the performance of an electric vehicle.
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